What term describes the adaptation of the eye for near vision, with convergence of the eyeballs and constriction of the pupils?

• A. Accommodation
• B. Fixation
• C. Macula maturation
• D. Retina

Answer: (A)

Accommodation is the eye’s adjustment for focusing on near objects. It involves the lens becoming thicker to increase refractive power, so nearby images are sharp on the retina. The simultaneous convergence of the eyes and pupil constriction are part of the same near-response reflex, coordinating eye alignment and light intake while the lens changes shape. Among the options, accommodation best captures the focusing change required for near vision. The other terms don’t describe this focusing adjustment: fixation is simply maintaining gaze on a point, macula maturation refers to development of the macula region, and retina is the neural layer that detects light rather than the focusing mechanism.